Unable to run some wp-cli DB commands

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As per the WordPress core documentation, and since Local WP app uses MySQL sockets, consider modifying your wp-config.php to include the use of MySQL Sockets.

MYSQL SOCKETS OR PIPES

If your host uses Unix sockets or pipes, adjust the DB_HOST value in the wp-config.php file accordingly.

define( 'DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' ); // or 
define( 'DB_HOST', 'localhost:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' ); // or 
define( 'DB_HOST', 'example.tld:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' );

Replace: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock with the socket or pipe information provided by your host.

You can find the MySQL socket for your current local site here:
Local WP App → Local Sites → Install Name → Database Tab → Socket.

Copy/paste that into your DB_HOST constant definition in your wp-config.php

Example:
define( 'DB_HOST', 'localhost:/Users/%%USERNAME%%/Library/Application Support/Local/run/%%INSTALL_ID%%/mysql/mysqld.sock' );

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