Hi @tomstuurlui - welcome to the Local community!
Are you hosting with Flywheel or with WP Engine?
For WP Engine, see the files that are auto-excluded here: Local Connect - Local
If you wish to add additional files, and are using WP Engine, you can create a .wpe-pull-ignore file in your /app/public/ directory, and Local will ignore any files/paths provided there. This is mentioned in the first post you linked.
Does that solve the issue you’re having?